Satire in the Tragedies of Euripides - 1443 Words

The world of Euripides tragedies was one that espoused ancient ideas of religion. The belief in ancient legends that formed subject material for the tragic drama had passed. The crowd that attended the theater at this time did so as a sort of religious celebration. It was under these circumstances that Euripides had to bury what might have been his true beliefs, and instead replace them with ideas that would relate to his audience. This did not mean that Euripides had to forgo his beliefs entirely. Rather, this meant that Euripides had to include his own interpretations of these ancient beliefs in a way that was not outwardly corrupt or blasphemous. By exploiting the human dimension of understanding beliefs, Euripides was able to insert†¦show more content†¦The next example of satire is in Ion as translated by Robert Potten. In this play, Euripides allows for the characters to express their disgust for the ancient deities. â€Å"Is it then Just† exclaims Ion, â€Å"t hat you who gave the laws / to mortals, should yourselves transgress those laws?† (lines 450-451). Ion goes on to express his contempt with the gods that can clearly be seen as satirical: The penalty of forced embraces, thou, Neptune, and Jove, that reigns supreme in heaven, Will leave your temples treasure-less by paying The mulcts of your injustice (lines 454-457). This reveals the nature of the satire that Euripides chose to pursue. This was more of a rhetorical example of how the gods fail in their own laws, yet man is bound by them. In using the fallacy of begging the question, Euripides allows for the audience to think that they can answer the question differently, yet Euripides has already put the conclusion, or answer, within the prose by using the premise, â€Å"Will leave your temples treasure-less...† (line 456). In Heracles, as translated by E.P. Coleridge, we can see a similar sort of satire being used to question the gods. Amphytron, husband of Alcmene, who is the mother of Heracles, continuously uses satire when speaking of the gods. In his complaint against Zeus, for the seduction of Alcmene, and for abandoning Heracles, Amphytron states, â€Å"O Zeus, in vain it seems, did I get thee to share my bride with me; inShow MoreRelatedSophocles Vs. Euripides The Peloponnesian War1123 Words   |  5 PagesPeloponnesian war, o ne might consider either Euripides or Aeschylus. Both are excellent tragedians. Based on one’s political beliefs, one will probably easily choose one over because they stand on opposite sides of the political spectrum. Euripides is for a more socially progressive state whereas Aeschylus is for a more conservative form. However, there is a third, and in fact better option. Aristophanes, as a result of preferring comedy over tragedy and discussing more important issues within hisRead MoreA Different Aspects Of Progress1040 Words   |  5 PagesDifferent Aspects of Progress The aversion to progress has been apparent through the history of mankind. Through the clever use of satire, three authors each from a different period and unique graphic locations, expose issues related to man’s reluctance to progress. Aristophanes, Hughes and Atwood vary in their respective abilities to change their audience’s minds about the significant issues of their time periods. In the Langston Hughes’ story â€Å"Slave on the Block†, the Carraway family members doRead MoreEssay Greek Theater1157 Words   |  5 Pagesupon the audience. The famous comedy and tragedy mass originated during Athens’ golden age because of the actors masks portraying different emotions. It was also true that most plays written during that period were either comedies or tragedies. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;A tragedy is a play that is meant to show the right and wrong paths in life. The word is derived from the Greek terms tragos and ode, tragos meaning goat and ode meaning song. Tragedies became the â€Å"new† dithyrambs after 500 BCRead MoreGreek Influence on the Modern Day Theater2816 Words   |  12 Pagesentertainment. Staring with the evolution of theater and how it evolved from religious groups in ancient Greece. There were also many great playwrights, such as Aeschylus, Sophocles, and Euripides, who opened the doors to a world of art. Even the construction of a play and the major types of plays, such as tragedy and comedy, are still used to this day. The way the characters or actors and costume evolved from such a simple plan to a extremely difficult and complicated design. Finally the influenceRead MoreThe Evolution Of Greek Theater1576 Words   |  7 Pagesconsidered to be one of the building blocks for our theater today. The advancements that the Greeks possessed in the early fifth century were the start of western theater. The Greeks were heavily involved with religion and religious festivals, comedies, tragedies, climatic drama, and took the outdoor amphitheater and made many improvements to its structure. In Ancient Greece religion and theater went hand in hand. The Greeks developed religion that was based on worship of many Gods. In honor of the GodsRead MoreThe Origins of Greek Theatre Essay2307 Words   |  10 Pagessoon enough its fields of interest spread to various myths along with historic facts. As ancient drama was an institution of Democracy, the great tragic poets Aeschylus, Sophocles, Euripides as well as the comedian Aristophanes elevated public debate and political criticism to a level of aesthetic achievement. Euripides and the ethologist Menandros, in the thriving years of Alexandria and later on during the Roman domination, reached a beau ideal level and through the Romans managed to form WesternRead MoreThe Life And Death Of Satire2426 Words   |  10 PagesThe Life and Death of Satire The Encyclopedia Britannica describes satire as, â€Å"an artistic form [and] is one of the most heavily worked literary designations, and one of the most imprecise.† (â€Å"Satire†). This definition shows that satire has had time to grow and has been changed over time to encapsulate an entire genre of literature. One of the earliest satires was â€Å"The Frogs,† by Aristophanes the Greek playwright. â€Å"The Frogs† is a play that focuses on Dionysus, and his travels into the underworldRead More Alcestis Essay1890 Words   |  8 Pages Alcestis is a myth that is quot;the most touching of all the Greek dramas to a modern audiencequot; (Lind 213). It is a tragicomedy by the playwright Euripides and it centers on the king and queen of Thessalia. Admetus, the king, has been fated to die yet, due to his alliance with Apollo, is given the chance to find a replacement. His wife, Alcestis, volunteers for the position claiming that she cannot imagine life without her husband. After Alcestis submits her life, Admetus discovers the painRead MoreThemes of Medea1751 Words   |  8 PagesJessica Barr February 21, 2011 Medea Video Project Analysis The â€Å"Medean† Hillbillies Euripides’ Medea is classified an ancient Greek tragedy. However, this story is much more than a tragedy. The story of Medea is one that definitely grabs the reader’s attention through both its text and its themes. The themes that the story of Medea presents are very practical and still continue to exist in humanity today. The three largest and most obvious themes that a reader is most likely to find and relateRead MoreEssay on African theatre1586 Words   |  7 PagesOgunde’s first production was The Garden of Eden (1944) in the Church of the Lord. Then in 1945 he made a satire called Strike and Hunger. It was based on the clash between Nigerian workers and the European bosses. Ogunde’s success had allowed him to create the Ogunde concert party. It had a style similar to the British concert parties of the time. They performed domestic comedies and political satires between the opening and the closing with interjections of song and dance unrelated to th e plot.

Dracula Essay - 823 Words

Violence and Power Within Draculas Grasp nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Throughout many types of literature, violence exists to enhance the readers interest in order to add a sense of excitement or conflict to a novel. This statement withholds much truthfulness due to the fact that without violence in a piece of literature such as Dracula by Bram Stoker, the plot would not have the same impact if it was lacking violence. Draculas power and evilness led to the violent happenings which began with the conflict of Jonathans inner struggle, as compared to the conflict which blossomed later on with good versus evil. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;One case of violence that had occurred, not just for its own sake, happened in chapter seven,†¦show more content†¦As far fetched as the idea of a man being scared to death may seem, the old man most likely could have been traumatized to this extent in relation to how Mina noted in her journal about quot;Deathquot;, capitalizing the quot;Dquot; in significance to that of some supernatural or higher power. We as readers start to believe that this quot;Deathquot; the old man had seen, could very well be Dracula himself. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Another example of violence transpiring for more than a sole purpose, is through the character of Jonathan Harker. Jonathan is struggling with an inner conflict, and one of the supernatural; man versus himself and man versus the supernatural. His inner conflict is due to the fact that in his mind, he is a prisoner in Castle Dracula, and there are no means of escape. Therefore, the struggle within himself is one of keeping his sanity and rational way of thinking, since he is such a rational, business-minded man. However, the most obvious conflict derives from the physical and mental struggle with Count Dracula. The novel sets a tone of good versus evil or the supernatural, which is directly related to the conflict. Accordingly, on June 29, the Count tells Jonathan that this is his last day when he stated, quot;To-morrow, my friend, we must partquot;(pg.51). After the Count led him to the door where the wolves were howling, heShow MoreRelatedDracula853 Words   |  4 Pagesmade people fear them by terrifying his reader’s with his persona Dracula. The Count has been known to be a very complex character with many odd quirks and traits. Nowadays these have been changed or kept by our new generation of authors to fit different types of bloodsuckers, but Dracula has been the starting point for all. All vampires have the craving for the blood of humans. Without this blood they could not survive. In Dracula multiple vampires drank human blood, and one was even using childrenRead MoreDracula And Dracula Essay1760 Words   |  8 PagesCPT Formal Essay Dracula: Lucy, Mina, and the Similarities Differences Between Them Dracula, a novel which had originally been written by Bram Stoker in 1897, is commonly classified as a ‘horror novel’ by the majority of its readers. However, when putting the novel through further analysis, the various symbols and themes of sexuality which the novel contains are brought to the notice of its readers, despite them being easily overlooked by their readers the first time the novel might be readRead MoreComparison Between Dracula And Dracula1108 Words   |  5 PagesDracula is one of the first famous vampire books. Although it is famous for its time, modern day vampire stories have produced some of the bestselling TV shows, books, and movies. Dracula laid the foundation down for these modern day stories to rise to popularity. If you have read Dracula and seen one of these new stories, then you can see a lot of similarities in both stories. These modern day stories share many traits as the book Dracula, but most of the stories have their differences. Th isRead More Comparison of Dracula and Bram Stokers Dracula Essay1462 Words   |  6 PagesCompare/Contrast Dracula and Bram Stokers Dracula A noticeable difference in the way movies have changed over the years is evident when comparing and contrasting two films of different eras which belong to the same genre and contain the same subject matter. Two vampire movies, Dracula and Bram Stokers Dracula, present an interesting example of this type of study. Comparing the 1931 version of Dracula, starring Bela Lugosi, with Frances Ford Coppolas Bram Stokers Dracula 1993 version yieldsRead Moredracula1785 Words   |  8 Pagesï » ¿Eun-Ah Lee Professor L. Tromly ENGL 1200 A01 5 April 2013 The Effect of Supernatural Aspects on the Victorian Society Bram Stoker s Dracula, presents an interesting perspective on death and illness in the Victorian period. This can be viewed as a creativity on Stoker s part, or as a form of religious or social commentary on his changing era. There are several flaws presented throughout the novel as the plot unfolds, which are: characters in the novel dismiss the old traditional belief ofRead MoreEssay on Dracula and Women in Bram Stokers Dracula1802 Words   |  8 PagesBram Stoker wrote the infamous novel, Dracula. This novel was composed in the style of letters, journal entries, newspaper articles and telegrams in order to convey to the reader a realistic story. The story of Dracula is about an ancient vampire who moves to London from his native country of Transylvania. In London, Dracula seduces and bites a young woman by the name of Lucy Westenra. When Lucy falls sick, no one knows how to help her because while Dracula has bitten her many times she has alwaysRead MoreViolence in Dracula12 77 Words   |  6 Pagestypes of literature, violence exists to enhance the reader s interest in order to add a sense of excitement or conflict to a novel. This statement withholds much truthfulness due to the fact that without violence in a piece of literature such as Dracula by Bram Stoker, the plot would not have the same impact if it were lacking violence. So to holds true to that of the movie. The movie bares different characteristics then that of the book. First off, the whole ordeal with the wolf escaping and jumpingRead More Dracula Essay1456 Words   |  6 Pages Bram Stoker’s Dracula Lords of the darkness, Darkling Dancers, Nosferatu, Vrikolakas. And the list goes on like this. The vampire concept is thought by the most to be a myth that has crept into almost every culture. It has influenced many writers to write novels on them and many directors to shoot films on. Vampire myths go back way into the times of first recorded history. Many different legends are known about them varying from the Chinese belief of the glowing red eyed monsters with green orRead MoreCarmilla and Dracula1362 Words   |  6 Pagestwo gothic tales ‘Carmilla’ and ‘Dracula’ in relation to cultural contexts in which they exist as being presented to the reader through the gender behaviour and sexuality that is portrayed through the texts. Vampire stories always seem to involve some aspect of sexuality and power. Joseph Sheridan Le Fanu wrote Carmilla. It was first published in 1872 as part of the collection of short stories titles ‘In a Glass Darkly.’ Carmilla predates the publishing of Dracula by 25 years. Laura, who is alsoRead MoreThe Vampire Powers Of Dracula1373 Words   |  6 Pagespower in general, can take over a single person s mind. Power has the ability to brainwash the mind and control whoever and whatever. Dracula, the main character and Van Hesling are two power hungry characters in the novel that use their strength of power and thirst for control to use people and take advantage of their vulnerability. The vampire powers that Dracula invokes does have that characteristic of strength. His vampire powers as they are called are different from a human’s ordinary power

Infant mal-nourishment in Indonesia

Question: Discuss a global health issue infant mal-nourishment in Indonesia. Answer: The World Food Programme estimates that around 13 million children suffer from Malnutrition. In some of the Indonesian districts about 50 percent of the younger children are underweight. Some parts of Indonesia have worse statistics than most of the other under developed countries. Child malnutrition affects almost 36% of the Indonesian community with increased ill-health. UNICEFs research has proved that people in Indonesia have poor eating habits. Most of the children eat rice with water which is surely a malnutrition aspect which is increasing in the country. These feeding habits teamed up with poor breast feeding ability of the mothers have given rise to the increased number of deaths within the children in Indonesia. The lives of many children in thousands can be saved if the mothers would breastfeed them at least for the 1st 8 months of the childs lives (Anon 2008). Most of the mothers have realized the importance of breastfeeding and this percentage has gone up by 7 8%. One solution is to get the mothers taken iron supplements during their pregnancy. The Health Ministry has taken up an initiative to work on the data base by looking into the various reasons like unfertile land which could not produce so much of food for the locals and the increased levels of poverty (Brennon 2013). Some of the best ways to curb this is by increasing the health campaigns the rural communities and by increasing the behavioral awareness programs especially for the women to educate them on the households, maintaining families, nutrition for children and health care for their entire families and themselves. References Anon (2008). Reversing the ravages of child mal-nutrition (online), https://thejakartaglobe.beritasatu.com/archive/reversing-the-ravages-of-child-malnutrition-in-indonesia/ accessed on March 27th 2015. Brennon, J (20013). Indonesia Child Malnutrition aggravated by Food and Oil Prices (online), https://www.irinnews.org/report/79350/indonesia-child-malnutrition-aggravated-by-food-oil-price-rises accessed on March 27th 2015.

Library Research Business Community

Question: Describe about the Library Research for Business Community. Answer: Main Thesis of Sherazi Aisha Sherazi is of the opinion that the Muslim women wear the Niqab or the face veil in order to be a part of the community they belong to; because they are proud of their community and some even emulate them with the wives of the Prophet, therefore, they encourage wearing the Niqab to empower them. According to Sherazi why Women choose to wear Niqab Sherazi believe that there are certain attires that people do not like to wear but they have to wear those because most of the time majority of the people accepts it. For example, the necktie those students have to wear with their school uniform. In case of the Niqab or the face veil that is worn by most of the Muslim women such is not the case. Sherazi argues that most of the European countries do not support Muslim women wearing a Niqab because they think that in this way the women are segregating them from the society. The author negates this European view, she is of the opinion that actually the Europeans are alienated the Muslim women and they are not segregating themselves. She states that in respect to the European countries, Canada is a far more tolerant country that could easily accept multiculturalism and would allow women to wear anything that they wish to wear. Thesis of Fatah Tarek Fatah describe the Niqab as the Muslim male power domination over the female and also as the product of Saudi Arabia, so that they could distort the Islamic view and fulfill their Wahabbi purpose or the agenda. Reason behind Fatah Opposing Wearing Niqab Tarek Fatah, in his essay states that, although he belongs from the Muslim community he condemns the fact that the women of his community wear the Niqab. The author here gives the reference to a Muslim woman, who refused to take of her veil because she thought she would lose her honor. According to the author, women of the Islam religion should not consider wearing veil as the part of the religion, and to support his view the author gives the reference of the Mecca and Kaaba. The two holiest places for the people belonging to the Islam community, which is also 1400 years old, prevents women from covering their face. According to Fatah, the Wahabbi tribes are responsible for this and he appeals the other Muslim women to consider this fact. According to him, Saudi Arabia is trying to epitomize women as the sexual objects and thus they are imbibing these kinds of thoughts within them. According to him, Canada should tolerate the oppression on the women in the name of multiculturalism an d if the country continues with it then soon the judicial system of this country will follow the Shariah Law. Argument based on both the texts The two texts that are based on the Muslim women wearing the Niqab interestingly do not provide with the voice of the Muslim woman. It is true that Tarek Fatah refers to a Muslim woman who speaks in favor of her veil, although Fatah interprets that the women is actually constructed by her society, or more importantly by the Wahabbi community or the tribe. It is true that there are no evidence of what actually a Muslim woman wants, whether she wears the Niqab because she takes pride of her community or whether she is seen a sexual object by her community. Therefore, the exposure of her skin would be a sin, so they would have to wear a Niqab (Fatah 1). The religion concern of wearing a Niqab is there but then it is more about the choice that the women of the Muslim community. If the women feel that by wearing the Niqab they could be a part of their community, they could feel the pride of their community then people should allow them to wear the Niqab (Sherazi 1). It is a matter of choice, if wearing a Niqab is seen as an action of imposing something on the Muslim women, and then asking them to not to wear a Niqab, is another form of imposition only. Therefore, one could argue that Aisha Sherazi has rightly stated that the Muslim women should wear what she desires to wear. She is right in stating that one should not segregate Muslim women wearing a Niqab because then it will not lead to acceptance of multiculturalism rather it will lead to intolerance. References Fatah, Tarek. "Lifting The Veil On The Niqab; There Is No Requirement In Islam To Cover One's Face -- The Niqab Is The Epitome Of Male Control Over Muslim Women". N.p., 2009. Print. Sherazi, Aisha. "Muslim Women Empowered By Niqab". N.p., 2006. Print.

Joan Of Arc By Jules Bastien Le Page Essays - Jules Bastien-Lepage

Joan Of Arc By Jules Bastien Le Page ?Joan of Arc,? was painted by the French realist artist Jules Bastien-Lepage in 1879. ?After the province of Lorraine was lost to Germany following the Franco-Prussian War in 1821, The Frenchmen saw in Joan of Arc a new and powerful symbol. In 1875, Bastien-Lepage, a native of Lorraine began to make studies for a picture of her. In the present painting, exhibited in the Salon of 1880, Joan is shown receiving her revelation in her parents garden. Behind her are Saints Michael, Margaret, and Catherine. (Caption next to painting in The Metropolitan)? Jules Bastien-Lepage creates a realistic atmosphere, including a supernatural, religious-like presence within his painting. Oil on canvas was used to create the realistic quality of the work. By closely examining the artist's technique, it is clear that he uses delicate brush strokes in a true to life manner. The colors, and use of light seem to be painted in a layered fashion to give the landscape a sense of depth. The background of the painting is a garden which include foliage and brush that surrounds the primary focus of the painting, Joan of Arc. The artist put a great effort into the details of the scene. Bastien-Lepage uses a distinct realistic quality in his painting which is visible in each individual leaf and branch. Various hues of earth tones, green and brown being the most evident, are blended together in the garden scene. In the foreground of the painting is Joan of Arc. She is painted with a seemingly thicker paint technique. This makes her a more easily visible aspect in the painting, and catches the onlookers eye. Joan is dressed in a long brown skirt and blue-gray shirt with white underneath which is the typical clothing style of the 19th century. The clothing is painted to show its wear and tear. Her features and her figure are quite realistic. She seems to have a calm, but troubled expression on her face, as though she is deep in thought. Overall she is painted in a very detailed manner. A less visible, yet still present and important aspect of the painting are the three figures positioned behind Joan, and in front of the house. The figures are somewhat transparent, and ghostly. Their presence adds a spiritual and or religious feeling to the scene. These three figures presence blends into the scenery. Al three have halos above their heads, and serene looks on their faces. The saint on the right is dressed in what looks to be armor. He looks brave, and as if he is standing guard or going into battle. The middle saint is a praying angel. She is in a dress with a gauzy, white presence around her. This whiteness gives her an ethereal quality which Bastien-Lepage has painted quite effectively, and adds to the spiritual feeling of the scene. Her presence in the painting seems to represent chastity and virtue. The last figure looks like a young girl or child, who is kneeling with her face hidden in her hands almost as if she is upset. Perhaps Bastien-Lepage painted these three saints not only to illustrate Joan receiving her visions, but to illustrate the bravery, religious yet childlike figure that she was. Behind Joan of Arc, in the background of the picture is a house. Bastien-Lepage painted the house so that the masonry is visible. The house seems to be small in size, plain, and quaint. Surrounding the house is shrubbery, trees, and more of the garden which is seen throughout the painting. This painting of Joan of Arc is very significant. Bastien-Lepage is able to effectively depict Joan as the true heroine that she was. This is significant because at the time there were not so many women heroines like her. Bibliography no bib - Arts and Painting

Mozambique-facts and figures essays

Mozambique-facts and figures essays Despite of the economic progress experienced in the late 1990s, Mozambique remains one of the poorest countries in the world, with 60 per cent of the population living below the poverty line. The problems facing Mozambique include: Economic benefits barely reach 80 per cent of the population living in rural areas The devastating consequences of the civil war The national emergency of HIV/AIDS is over stretching the pressure on already overstretched resources The ever growing external debt which diverts funds away from healthcare and education Continual dependence on foreign finance for development projects Natural hazards such as the year 2000 floods Immediately after independence in 1975 considerable progress was made, but these gains were mostly lost in the sixteen years of civil war and decades of disastrous natural hazards. As a result the Republic Of Mozambique is a severely underdeveloped country. Landmines still render travel outside the capital hazardous, while food shortages costly international flights, and poor infrastructure are added obstacles. Whilst it was destroyed by the civil war, it is slowly rebuilding and given political stability, Mozambique could yet exploit its excellent beaches and game reserves, which include the Gorongosa Game Park. There are plans afoot to incorporate reserves into South Africas much-visited Kruger Park, just across the boarder. Some foreign hotel groups are once more targeting Maputo as a luxury tourist and conference venue. In the 1970s the tourist industry drew some 300,000 South Africans and Rhodesians as visitors to the country. Another advantage was that its inflation has been low and foreign exchange rates relatively stable. Mozambiques economy grew at an annual 10% rate in 1997-99, one of the highest growth rates in the world. But this strength turned, growth slowed and inflation grew in 2000 due...

Palestine State Today Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Palestine State Today - Essay Example Since 1947, to resolve the Arab-Israeli conflict, the text of General Assembly Resolution No. (181) of the United Nations provides the establishing of Palestine State. Unfortunately, Palestine State had not been established yet. Palestinians have suffered decades of displacement, exclusion and systematized deprivation of their national and human inalienable rights, which embodies their right to self-determination and establish their independent state. Since the start of the peace process in 1993, it has been reiterated that the international community emphasizes that the only solution to the conflict in the Middle East lies in the two-state solution, a solution that necessarily requires the establishment of an independent Palestinian state, sovereign and viable. In 2009, the international community supported the Palestinians to build their future state institutions, which will be completed in September 2011. The international community has recognized that the Palestinians are ready t o establish their independent state. They also recognized in the international institutions that the only obstacle to a Palestinian state is the continuation of Israeli occupation. * Recognizing the Palestine State stresses the important decisions made by the United Nations and international agreements Recognition of the international community, represented by the United Nations, is against the Palestinian people to self-determination as the position of an established state repeatedly in several resolutions, including resolution of the General Assembly of the United Nations 3236, which recognizes the Palestinian right to independence of their state. This is a right that is inalienable, and the Palestinian people have the right to establish their own "sovereign and independent state." It also confirmed the decision of the General Assembly of the United Nations (2649) on the right of Palestinian people to self-determination, affirming the decision (2672) that respected the rights of t he Palestinian people to their inalienable forms as an integral part of reaching a just and lasting peace in the Middle East. Moreover, the Court of International Justice in its Opinion Advisory issued in 2004 on the construction of the Apartheid Wall in the Occupied Palestinian Territory stated that the actions carried out by Israel in the occupied Palestinian territories undermine the right of Palestinians to a homeland, which severely impedes the exercise of the Palestinian people of their right to self-determination, and therefore a breach by Israel of its obligation to respect that right. The recognition of the Palestine State is in line with the core principles underlying the Oslo interim agreement, including starters two-state solution and the resolutions of relevant United Nations resolutions, primarily resolutions 242 and 338. Unfortunately, it has been over twenty years since the signing of the Interim Agreement and the first of Israel's occupation of Palestinian land, and the exploitation of Palestinian natural resources are more deeply rooted. For example, the number of settlers living in the West Bank, including occupied Jerusalem, has doubled since 1993. During the same time period, they continued to suffer due to the policy of demolishing Palestinian homes, which reached its peak in the last few years. In the same context, the Palestinian economy continued to suffer from the additional burdens and the potential regime of closures and checkpoints in the West Bank and the unjust inhumane blockade in

American Beauty Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

American Beauty - Essay Example The flow of this film exhibits the various needs of different characters. Lester’s wife feels that her needs are not met by the husband while the daughter on the other end also observed the inadequacies in her father prompting her to develop negative relationship with him. The boss of lesser is a player in the scenario with high expectations from Lester. However, Lester himself is seeking social freedom and this presents a scenario where every character is in need of something. The major characters in this film include Lester Burnham who acts as the central point where all the actions of the other characters rotate. His wife and daughter Jane are equally significant in making the film. The boss and Jane’s friend also contribute to the development of the film. The central conflict here is Lester’s desire to achieve freedom from the chains of social depression that he has accumulated over time. This he tries out in the form of dating a friend to her daughter a twist that infuriate the wife more and disgusts the daughter.

The Role of PsychiatricNurse Practitioner Essay

The Role of PsychiatricNurse Practitioner - Essay Example However, after liberalization of advanced nurses, some of the researches have revealed that this carder of nurses are being underutilized especially within the realism of mental health. The area that they cover is wide since they are based in the communities where the mental disease burden is notable. The following are the prescribed area of services that the nurses they offer in the community. The role ranges across from admission to discharge and comprehensive pharmacotherapy that is involved. On admission, the advanced practice psychiatric mental health nurse, evaluates the patient’s status. This helps the nurse to know whether the patient is for the admission or discharge on evaluation. The other role is taking overnight calls and coverage when there is shortage of psychiatrist. More importantly, it’s the ability of this nurses to perfume extensive diagnostic skills and come up with psychiatric and mental disorders with precision of psychiatrists that are perfect. Such competencies are developed during their preparation and education which they undertake role plays in order to have a clear understanding of their environment from all angles (Hubbard, 2014). More so, they carry out interventions and implementation of the treatment plans for a caseload patients that are under isolations. Such interventions includes psychopharmacology, individual family or gr oup psychotherapy. They have the ability of covering on emergence psychiatric patient. Muxworthy and Bowllan (2007), the realization of knowledge that nurses with advanced credential are needed is paramount since the medical field is overarched by the physicians who are less than the disease. Nursing profession is slowly being revolutionized and the dominance is slowly being suppressed by the increased disease burden and the capacity of nurses to perform at advanced levels. The disease burden of the mentally patients is rising due to a number of factors such as substance abuse,

ATR-FTIR Analysis for Oil Type Identification

ATR-FTIR Analysis for Oil Type Identification Abstract Attenuated Total Reflectance-Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) analysis could greatly help in the identification of oil. By mere inspection of the IR spectra, saturated oils can be easily distinguished from coconut oils. Identification of oils can be enhance by the use of chemometrical techniques such Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Using this technique, subtle differences in the spectra can be used to classify vegetable oils. This study have shown that ATR-FTIR together with PCA can be used to differentiate unsaturated oils from saturated oil and discriminate virgin coconut oil (VCO) from ordinary refined, bleached and deodorized coconut oil (CCO). Introduction Virgin coconut oil (VCO) has a potential to be one of the Philippines’ high-value export products. In the first half of 2005 alone about 350 metric tons of VCO were shipped to foreign markets. Virgin coconut oil is a minimally process or a cold press oil obtained by mechanical means (Philippine National Standard for Virgin Coconut Oil 2005) such as crushing pressing and centrifugation. These procedures result in the retention of the natural flavor and minor components of the oil, which can otherwise be destroyed by chemical process such as refining, deodorizing and bleaching. Cold pressed oils commands a higher price compared to processed oils because these â€Å"natural† procedures deliver lower yield and uses higher quality raw materials to prevent spoilage (Ulberth and Buchgraber 2000). To ensure the quality of VCO in the country, The Philippine National Standard provided a criterion (PNS/BAFPS 22:2004). This standard includes determination of fatty acid composition using gas-liquid chromatography (GLC), iodine value and sensory parameters such as taste, odor and color (Philippine National Standard for Virgin Coconut Oil 2005). However, it is a known fact that the fatty acid profile of oils is species dependent; therefore this classification method cannot distinguish VCO from ordinary refined, bleached and deodorized coconut oil (CCO). Iodine value in the other hand gives information on the degree of unsaturation of the oil and may be use only to distinguish coconut oils from unsaturated oil like corn oil (CO) and soybean oil (SO) but cannot discriminate VCO from CCO. Sensory parameters can easily be manipulated by bleaching and deodorizing the oil or by addition of flavoring agents. In recent years, various spectroscopic methods have been employed to authenticate vegetable oils such as virgin olive oil (VOO) (Aparicio and Luna 2002; Bucci et al. 2002; Dupuy et al. 1996; Lankmayr et al. 2004; Ozen et al. 2003; Tapp et al. 2003; Tay et al. 2002; Vigli et al. 2003; Yang et al. 2005). These techniques have the advantages of minimal sample preparation and rapid analysis time (Ulberth and Buchgraber 2000). In the study conducted by Yang et al (2005), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy was found to be the most efficient in classification of oils as compared to Fourier Transform Raman and Fourier Transform Near Infrared spectroscopy. An attenuated total reflectance (ATR) accessory is usually used with the FTIR spectrometer for oil and fat study due to its ability to handle liquid samples easily. The resulting infrared spectrum contains all vibrational information about the entire components of the sample. In order to take full advantage of the spectral infor mation, including subtle features that may not be readily discerned, pattern recognition techniques such as Principal Component Analysis (PCA) are commonly used. These techniques can reveal relationships that were not previously suspected, which can lead to interpretations that are not readily apparent by mere visual inspection of IR spectra alone (Beebe et al. 1998; Davies and Fearn 2005). PCA is a mathematical manipulation used to reorganize the high-dimensionality of spectroscopic data into a smaller number of â€Å"Principal Components† or PCs that can account for the majority of the information in the data set. Methodology All samples of edible oils were obtained from reputable supermarkets in Iloilo City. Samples include four brands of VCO [a total of six samples, one brand have a total of three samples, two regular VCO with different manufacturing dates (labeled as VCO2 and VCO3) and one corn flavored VCO (labeled as VCO4) ] , three different brands of coconut oil ( CCO1, CCO2, and CCO3) and one brand each of corn oil (CO), soybean oil (SO), canola oil (CLO), virgin olive oil (VOO) and palm oil (PO). The oils were stored in their original containers until used. Minimal opening of bottles were observed to prevent oxidation of oils. Infrared (IR) spectra of samples were obtained at 4000 – 400 cm-1, 1 cm-1 resolution and 64 scans; using the Avatar 330 Thermo Nicolet FTIR equipped with DTGS (deuterated tri-glycine sulphate) detector and EZ OMNIC software at the University of the Philippines in the Visayas Chemistry Laboratory, Miag-ao, Iloilo. Samples were placed directly on a multi-bounce zinc selenide horizontal ATR crystal. The ATR crystal was totally cleaned using acetone after each run. IR spectral data of different oils from EZ OMNIC software were converted to Microsoft Excel files. Data were arranged in tabular form, different oils in columns and transmittance at different wavelengths in rows. The excel file was then transferred to Unscrambler version 9.6 for Principal Components Analysis. The evaluation version of this software can be downloaded at www.camo.com. Results and Discussion The FTIR spectra of most fats and oils appeared almost visually similar; the slight differences in the spectral features reflect the variations in the fatty acid composition (Figure1 to 6). Every peak in the spectra represents structural and functional group, either of the oil or other minor components. At the high frequency end of the spectrum (4000-3500 cm-1) only a few absorption bands can be observed. The most notable are the absorption bands due to O-H stretching vibration at about 3700 and 3400 cm-1, which may be due to moisture, alcohol or fatty acids. Both alcohols and free fatty acids are degradation product of triglycerides which accumulate during prolong storage and in the presence of moisture. For a clean and dry oil, only the first overtone of the C=O vibration could be seen. The strong band dominating the 3000-2840 cm-1 region is due to C-H stretches of methylene and terminal methyl groups. The =C-H stretch absorbed at slightly higher region, 3095 -3010 cm-1. A strong a bsorption peak in the range of 1750-1735 cm-1 is due to the C=O stretch of an aliphatic ester. If degradation has occurred a shoulder located on the lower frequency side of this will appear due to the C=O stretch of the resulting long chain carboxylic acid (1730-1700 cm-1). A sharp peak at about 1660-1600 cm-1 results from a C=C stretching vibration. The presence of this peak together with a C-H peak at wavenumber greater than 3000 cm-1 is a good indication of unsaturation. The part of the spectrum lower than 1500 cm-1 is called the fingerprint region. The absorption in this area of the spectrum is highly characteristic of the molecule as a whole, and can be used to identify the substance (Pavia et al. 2000; van de Voort et al. 2001). As shown in Figure1-6 its is easy to distinguish unsaturated oils from saturated oils by observing the regions that indicate unsaturation, 3095-3010 cm-1 and 1660-1600 cm-1. For olive, corn, palm, canola and soybean oil sharp peaks are seen in both of these areas but no such peaks can be seen in the IR spectra of either CCO or VCO. Thus, visual examination of the IR spectrum can provide a way to distinguish unsaturated oils from coconut oils. However, visual inspection of the spectra alone is insufficient to differentiate VCO from CCO because their IR spectra are identical to the naked eye. To compare such large data sets like IR spectra, which consist of more than a thousand wavelengths, Principal Component Analysis can be used. This chemometrical technique mathematically models the data into a more manageable data sets (consisting of a few principal components) that can then be interpreted more easily (Brereton 2003). Principal Component Analyses were performed on the spectra of all oils using Unscrambler version 9.6 software. The software generated several important plots. The percent variance plot gives the total variation in the data set that is described by a particular PC. This plot can be used to determine the number of PC that can effectively describe the whole data set. The 2D scatter plot (PCy vs. PCx) represents how the samples are related to each other. The closeness of the samples in the plot is interpreted as chemical similarity(Beebe and others 1998). The percent variance plot (Figure 7) of the oil samples spectra generated by the software shows that the first two principal components represent almost 100% of the variance in the data set. As a general rule the PCs that account for less than 5% of the data variation can be rejected (Beebe and others 1998), therefore the first two PCs are sufficient in making our investigation. The scatter plot of first principal component (PC1) versus the second principal component (PC2) shows that it possible to separate the oils into two separate groups, the unsaturated and coconut oil group (Figure 8). Unsaturated oil group consists of corn oil, soya oil, canola oil, palm oil while that of the coconut oil includes CVO and CCO. Performing the same analysis on CCO and VCO spectra reveals that only the PC1 and the PC2 are highly significant (Figure 9). However, the scatter plot of the two PCs did not successfully separate VCO from CCO (Figure 10). Close inspection of spectra reveal that there are absorption bands at the high frequency region that might indicate the presence of moisture, fatty alcohol or fatty acids in some samples. This observation is confirmed by the Influence Plot (Figure 11) that shows that there is a high residual variance of the 3740 cm-1, a wavenumber corresponding to H-O absorption. This indicates that the moisture content, fatty alcohol or the free fatty acid content of the oil may have greatly controlled the classification process. The other residual in the influence plot may be due to other components of VCO or CCO that are vital in the classification process. To correct for the effect of the O-H absorption band, it was decided to eliminate wavelength above 1800 cm-1 from the spectra of the oil and use only the area encompassing the carbonyl carbon (C=O) and fingerprint region, 1800-400 cm-1. Principal component analysis of this part of the spectra shows that the first two PC can be used to correctly classify VCO and CCO into separate groups (Figure 12 and 13). In conclusion, FTIR identification of oils can be enhance by the use of chemometrical techniques such Principal Component Analysis. Using this technique, subtle differences in the spectra can be used to classify oil. FTIR together with PCA can differentiate unsaturated oils from saturated oil and can discriminate virgin coconut oil from ordinary refined, bleached and deodorized coconut oil (CCO). Acknowledgement The authors are very grateful to the UP System for upgrading the UPV Chemistry Laboratory and for the purchase of the FTIR used this study possible. Literature Cited Aparicio R, Luna G. 2002. Charaterization of Monovarietal Virgin Olive Oils. European Journal of Lipid Science Technology 104:614-627. Beebe KR, Pell RR, Mary BS. 1998. Chemometrics: A Practical Guide. New York: John Wiley Sons, Inc. 348 p. Brereton RG. 2003. Chemometrics Data Analysis for the Laboratory and Chemical Plant. West Sussex: John Wiley Sons Ltd. 489 p. Bucci R, Magri AD, Magri AL, Marini D, Marini F. 2002. Chemical Authentication of extra Virgin Olive Oil Varieties by Supervise Chemometric Procedure. Journal Agricultural Food Chemistry 50:413-418. Davies AMC, Fearn T. 2005 Back to Basics: The Principles of Principal Component Analysis. Spectroscopy Asia:35-38. Dupuy N, Duponchel L, Huvenne J, Sombret B, Legrand P. 1996. Classification of Edible Fats and Oils by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectra. Food Chemistry 57(2):245-251. Lankmayr E, Mocak J, Serdt K, Balla B, Wenzl T, Bandoniene D, Gfrerer M, Wagner S. 2004. Chemometrical Classification of Pumpkin Seed OIl using Uv-Vis, NIR and FTIR Spectra. Journal of Biochemical and Biophysical Methods 61(1-2):95-106. Ozen BF, Weiss I, Mauer L. 2003. Dietary Supplement Oil Classification and Detection of Adulteration Using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy. Journal Agricultural Food Chemistry 51:5871-5876. Pavia DL, Lampman GM, Kriz GS. 2000. Introduction to Spectroscopy. New York: Brooks Cole. Philippine National Standard for Virgin Coconut Oil. 2005. PNS/BAFPS 22:2004. Tapp HS, Defernez M, Kemsley K. 2003. FTIR spectroscopy and Multivariate Analysis can Distinguish the Geographic Origin of Extra Virgin Olive Oil. Journal Agricultural Food Chemistry 51:6110-6115. Tay A, Singh RK, Krishnan SS, Gore JP. 2002. Authentication of Olive Oil Adulterated with Vegetable Oils Using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy. LWT-Food Science and Technology 35:99-103. Ulberth F, Buchgraber M. 2000. Authenticity of Fats and OIls. European Journal of Lipid Science Technology 102:687-694. van de Voort F, Sedman J, Russin T. 2001. Lipid Analysis by Vibrational Spectroscopy. European Journal of Lipid Science Technology 103:815-840. Vigli G, Philippidis A, Spyros A, Dais P. 2003. Classification of Edible Oils by Employing 31P and 1H NMR Spectroscopy in Combination with Multivariate Statistical Analysis. A Proposal for the Detection of Seed Oil Adulteration in Virgin Olive Oils. Journal Agricultural Food Chemistry 51:5715-5722. Yang H, Irudayaraj J, Paradkar M. 2005. Discriminant Analysis of Edible Oils and Fats by FTIR, FT-NIR and FT-Raman Spectroscopy. Food Chemistry 93:25-32.

All City Choir :: essays research papers

What do you think about when you think of singing? Do you think about the latest rock or pop craze? Or do you think about some opera singer on stage? For me, when I think about singing, I think about All City Choir.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  All City Choir is a try-out choir made up of about 60 kids in grades four through eight who’ve come together to sing. We also have three awesome conductors Wendy Gee, Wendy Masciotra (or who we call Mrs. M), and Eva Bettger and we sing from September through April in our two seasons: Christmas Season and Spring Season.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In All City Choir, we also learn how to sing properly in many different ways. The first thing you learn is how to breath properly. We’re not allowed to breath like this (with your shoulders), but naturally like this (with your stomach). This is what my conductors call â€Å"tummy power†. One of the warm ups the choir conductors make us do are these huge sighs that start from the top of your voice and go down to the bottom of your voice to warm up our vocal chords and get us to breath properly.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Another technique we have to learn in choir practice is we learn now to pronounce vowels and consonants correctly. An example of that would be pronouncing out â€Å"D†s as light â€Å"T†s. We also have to keep our mouth round and you cannot smile while you’re singing or else it ruins the effect of the vowels. One thing we always always must do is to pronounce the consonants loudly. What our conductors always make us do to help us remember this is to say â€Å"We LoVe ouR CoNSoNaNTS!†.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The last, but probably one of the most important things we have to do when we sing, is to listen to each other and to sing with the mood of the music. If it is a soft song we are singing, then we can’t sing loudly in the piece, and if it is a song requiring a lot of energy, we have to be enthusiastic.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  One piece we sang this year was called â€Å"Reflections of a Lad at Sea†. Our conductor for the last movement (Mrs. Gee) was always nagging us to add more energy into the song. The last movement was called â€Å"Ghost Ship† which was a story about a ghost ship a sailor had seen one night.

Applying the VRIO Framework Essay

1Barney and Hesterly (2006), describe the VRIO framework as a good tool to examine the internal environment of a firm. They state that VRIO â€Å"stands for four questions one must ask about a resource or capability to determine its competitive potential: 1. The Question of Value: Does a resource enable a firm to exploit an environmental opportunity, and/or neutralize an environmental threat? 2. The Question of Rarity: Is a resource currently controlled by only a small number of competing firms? [are the resources used to make the products/services or the products/services themselves rare?] 3. The Question of Imitability: do firms without a resource face a cost disadvantage in obtaining or developing it? [is what a firm is doing difficult to imitate?] 4. The Question of Organization: Are a firm’s other policies and procedures organized to support the exploitation of its valuable, rare, and costly-to-imitate resources?† What types of resources should we evaluate (e.g., what types of resources lead to a competitive advantage)? 1) tangible resources, 2) intangible resources, 3) organizational capabilities. Reputation with customers for quality and reliability Reputation with suppliers for fairness, non-zero-sum relationships Organizational Capabilities Firm competences or skills the firm employs to transfer inputs to outputs Capacity to combine tangible and intangible resources, using firm processes to attain desired end. Examples Outstanding customer service Excellent product development capabilities Innovativeness or products and services Ability to hire, motivate, and retain human capital Applying the VRIO framework. According to the VRIO framework, a supportive answer to each questions relative to the firm being analyzed would indicate that the firm can sustain a competitive advantage. Below is an example of how to apply the VRIO framework and the likely outcome for the firm under varying circumstances. Applying the VRIO Framework—the value and rarity of a firm’s resources If a firm’s resources are: The firm can expect: Not valuable Competitive Disadvantage Valuable, but not rare Competitive parity (equality) Valuable and rare Competitive advantage (At least temporarily) Then, if there are high costs of imitation, the firm may enjoy a period of sustained competitive advantage. Costs of imitation increase due to some combination of the following: 1) Unique Historical Conditions (path dependence; first mover advantages), 2) Causal Ambiguity (links between resources and advantage foggy), 3) Social Complexity (social relationships not replicable), 4) Patents (double-edged sword since period of protection eventually runs out). Applying the VRIO Framework, integrating the notion of Inimitability If a firm’s resources are: The firm can expect: Valuable, rare, but not costly to imitate Temporary competitive advantage Valuable, rare, and costly to imitate Sustained competitive advantage (if organized properly) Organized properly deals with the firm’s structure and control (governance mechanisms—compensation, reporting structures, management controls, relationships, etc). These must be aligned so as to give people ability and incentive to exploit the firm’s resources. Summary of VRIO, Competitive Implications, and Economic Implications Valuable?

Dracula essays

Dracula essays For centuries, vampires have served as a source of entertainment and as the subject of nightmares. The haunting image of the vampire has changed only subtly with time, however one transformation has been profound: no longer are vampires evil. Neil Jordans Interview with the Vampire, in contrast to Bram Stokers Dracula, removes the evil from the essence of the vampire. Physically, there has been little change to the portrayal of the vampire; there has been no need for change. Ghost-white skin, blood-red lips and ivory fangs evoke a sense of fear unlike any other. These features have typified the vampires image in the past and will undoubtedly continue to do so in the future. In Dracula, Jonathan Harker describes the Counts appearance: The mouth, so far as I could see it under the heavy mustache, was fixed and rather cruel-looking, with peculiarly sharp white teeth; these protruded over the lips, whose remarkable ruddiness showed astonishing vitality in a man of his years. For the rest, his ears were pale and at the top extremely pointed; the chin was broad and strong, and the cheeks firm and thin. The general effect was one of extraordinary pallor. (17-18) This description became that of the typical vampire and was adopted by Jordan for Interview with the Vampire. All of Jordans vampires present this classic appearance. In fact, Interview with the Vampires Armand, could easily have been mistaken for Count Dracula himself. Dracula instantly became one of the most poignant, disturbing characters of the literary underworld. He was evil in every sense of the word; this was punctuated by Draculas lack of emotion and remorseless killing. In one instance, three female vampires asked Dracula whether or not they would be fed from a bag writhing helplessly on the floor. For answer he nodded his head. One of the women jumped forward and opened it. If my ears did n...

Godot essays

Godot essays Nothing to be done, is one of the many phrases that is repeated again and again throughout Samuel Becketts Waiting For Godot. Godot is an existentialist play that reads like somewhat of a language poem. That is to say, Beckett is not interested in the reader interpreting his words, but simply listening to the words and viewing the actions of his perfectly mismatched characters. Beckett uses the standard Vaudevillian style to present a play that savors of the human condition. He repeats phrases, ideas and actions that has his audience come away with many different ideas about who we are and how beautiful our human existence is even in our desperation. The structure of Waiting For Godot is determined by Becketts use of repetition. This is demonstrated in the progression of dialogue and action in each of the two acts in Godot. The first thing an audience may notice about Waiting For Godot is that they are immediately set up for a comedy. The first two characters to appear on stage are Vladimir and Estragon, dressed in bowler hats and boots. These characters lend themselves to the same body types as Abbot and Costello. Vladimir is usually cast as tall and thin and Estragon just the opposite. Each character is involved in a comedic action from the plays beginning. Estragon is struggling with a tightly fitting boot that he just cannot seem to take off his foot. Vladimir is moving around bowlegged because of a bladder problem. From this beat on the characters move through a what amounts to a comedy routine. A day in the life of two hapless companions on a country road with a single tree. Beckett accomplishes two things by using this style of comedy. Comedy routines have a beginning and an ending. For Godot the routine begins at the opening of the play and ends at the intermission. Once the rout ine is over, it cannot continue. The routine must be done again. This creates the second act. Th...

The pro and con of abortion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The pro and con of abortion - Essay Example Their philosophical approach offers an insight into the fundamentals of life. At the center of their reasoning is the concept of a person and moral obligation towards life in respect of abortion. Critical evaluation of Peter Simpson viewpoint on abortion emphasizes opposition and paints the act as horrific and unjustifiable. In the opinion of Simpson, abortion contravenes the fundamental law of nature which upholds sanctity of life. He asserts that fetus is a person and not an organ. In the context of biology, fetus is a person and not an organ which forms part of being. In that respect, procurement of abortion is outright elimination of a person which is morally unacceptable (Simpson, 1998). It is therefore obvious that Simpson is against abortion at all costs. The right to life should prevail over any other form of human action and legal structures that govern the society. In his view, Simpson asserts the supremacy of natural law over man-made constitution. In support of his idea, Simpson explains the relationship between mother and the unborn as giver of life to gift. In that respect, the mother should protect the unborn at all costs hence outright declaration of murder f or any attempted or successful abortion. The state law should therefore act within the natural laws which note the fetus as a person with the right to life. Legal provisions that present abortion as alternatives of protecting the life of the mother are tantamount to portraying attacker to victim relation between mother and the unborn. The law should therefore not be corrupted to portray fetus as a threat to mother’s life as this would promote justification of the vice. Simpson argues that even if human laws emphasize illegality of abortion, moral obligation and adherence to natural law that disrepute the act is key in guiding behavior (Simpson, 1998). On the other side of the argument, Mary Ann offers an

Decision Making with Managerial Accounting Case Study

Decision Making with Managerial Accounting - Case Study Example In other words, managerial accounting is referred to as the internal business-developing role of finance and accounting professionals who plan, implement and manage the internal systems, which encourage effective decisions, thereby supporting and controlling the value creating activities of an organization (Ioana-Diana, 2014). Managerial accounting is aimed at providing financial and non-financial information to managers, so as to help them make the best decisions. It facilitates effective internal decision making that is primarily focused on planning and controlling purposes. The type of decisions taken by managers depends heavily on the accounting information available to them. Given the fact that financial accounting data does not provide sufficient detail for internal decisions, it must be broken down to further details, regarding individual services and products offered by the company. Not only do managers need to be aware of the cost of a service or product, but they also need the cost information to be broken into intricate details of smaller components, that will enable them to conduct ‘what if’ analysis and thus, predict the future. The types of decisions that managers more often than not are supposed to make are regarding pricing a particular or a group of products, dropping a produ ct or product line, purchase of new resources by replacing the old ones, assessing the performance of managers and divisions of an organization and sometimes, making instead of purchasing a product. Therefore, this suggests that the two fundamental utilities of managerial accounting are planning and controlling. Both the factors mentioned in the statement above help managers to accomplish fluent decision making (UNF, n.d. ). The principal role of managerial accountant is to record financial information within the financial statements of a company, which is utilized by the management team of the organization to

H GWA Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

H GWA - Research Paper Example It is important to understand the relationship that these two countries have in an effort to figure out the consequent impact that it has on any other relations that the United States has. The public policy to uphold through the paper is the labor and employment policy as the linking relationship between the two countries. History and Background The major types of relationships that these two countries share are political, monetary and social. It is also imperative to grasp an understanding of the history between the relationships between the United States and China that ages back to the year 1844 when there was the signing of the Treaty of Wanghia. The treaty introduced several rules to regulate their association and gave the United States ability to carry out extended trade relations with China just like other foreign powers1. The relations have existed since then and have brought both positive and negative effects on many countries around the world either directly or indirectly. E conomic Relationship In 1972, the United States received the leeway to invest in mainland China after being banned earlier citing the dangers of the soviet armies. The prolific relations have been the case ever since with the United States getting to an extent of even outsourcing its companies’ requirements from the country. This has particularly brought up a large drift between the two countries from the fact that the United States claims that China makes use of that opportunity to create counterfeit items and consequently portraying the United States wrongly. These allegations have existed over the last five years where China takes some of the raw materials that it does not have in its country from the products made in the United States and rather than completing the manufacture of the products, the workers under the labor union seek to use the materials. This has led to both countries imposing strict trade tariffs on various investment sectors. The workers in China engage in the creation of replica products with the same name as the legitimate products and sell them both locally and internationally. Research has shown that the greatest export recipient of the Peoples’ Republic of China is the European Union. This union is composed of 27 member states with the most influence coming from France. France has been on the receiving end on this issue of counterfeit products manufactured by China2. Given its power, France has great relations with both the United States and China and this issue places it at a poor position in its associations with the United States. French people buy the commodities from China given that the country provides them at a much cheaper rate and the low transport costs provided the proximity to each other. This has affected France’s economic terms with the United States especially on the case of clothing products and tires that it acquires from China. The United States has many times advised France from the purchase o f these counterfeit items from the fact that their usage discriminates the legitimate items provided by the United States and affects the economy negatively. France thus often gets into a cold relationship with the United States concerning this and with a continuation of the negligence, it is common

The Ottoman Empire Paper Essay Example for Free

The Ottoman Empire Paper Essay The Ottoman Empire was one of the ancient yet one of the most powerful and influential world empires.   The history of this empire begins sometimes during the 13th century.   In their bid to enlarge their territory they took no consideration to any limits or boundaries be it religious, tribal or otherwise.   This empire is also viewed as one of the civilized empires of the modern times. The empire was more of a military administration than a state.   The empire is considered to have lasted a considerably longer time than any other empire.    The rulers of this empire were known as Sultans or Hunkar or Emperors and were all Islam.   Suleyman the Great was the Sultan who ruled the longest while Amurath ruled for only three months making him the shortest ruling sultan.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The sultans always emerged from the Ottoman family who were strict followers of the Quran.   Honesty, hard work and charity were principles that led the Ottoman Empire.   Sermons were always read in the name of the reigning Sultan at that time.   Any property belonging to the Sultan was known as Royal or imperial.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Having discussed that much on the establishment and general history of the Ottoman of the empire, it is of utmost importance to now look at the empire more critically and find out impacts of the Ottoman Empire especially on the Umma Muslims.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Though the Ottoman Empire was one of the most powerful and civilized ancient empires of the world, it also had its weak points during its reign.   This paper specifically focuses on some of those weak points and particularly the mismanagement that was witnessed when the empire was in power leading to division among the Umma Muslims.   A critical analysis of the Ottoman Empire reveals various setbacks that the dynasty experienced and this affected directly or indirectly the unity of the Ottoman Muslims. According to the traditions of the Ottoman Empire, when a Sultan died one of his sons would become the next Sultan.   However there were no proper strategies as to who would become the next Sultan. There was therefore no clear criterion of selecting a Sultan. This led to bloodshed as the one who eventually emerged victorious had to eliminate his rivals for order and calmness to prevail.   This obviously went against the teachings of the Muslim religion.   Some Muslims supported the method while others were totally opposed to it as it contravened the teachings of the Holy Quran.   This led to division among the Muslims.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Another issue that led to the division of the Umma Muslims was the level of respect accorded to the sultans.   The Sultans were almost equated to Allah the God of the Muslims.   For instance during prayers sermons were read in the name of the current Sultan.   Some Muslims however felt that this was blasphemous because ordinarily sermons were supposed to be read in the name of Allah the Mighty one.   This therefore led to division among Muslims thereby breaking the unity between them.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   As discussed earlier Sultan Suleyman served for 40 years and therefore goes down the history of books as the longest serving Sultan.  Ã‚   The major role of the Sultan was to ensure that justice and fairness was exercised.   Cases of injustice were rare as the Sultan made sure that the laws were followed to the letter.   Any injustice and unfairness called for the direct intervention of the Sultan. Scholars and theologians believe that one of the reasons why the Ottoman dynasty declined and eventually collapsed was because the Sultans who succeeded Sultan Suleyman were not keen on protecting the interests of the citizens in terms of justice.   The neglect by their leaders led to Umma Muslims to lack loyalty for their leaders and thereby there was disunity among them.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   When Sultan died his son Selim II took over the leadership of the dynasty. His behavior was absolutely intolerable and contributed a great deal in causing disunity among the Muslims.   He was an addict of alcohol and would spend most of his days drinking therefore forgetting his administrative role.   He was also a lover of women and a sex addict vices that are heavily condemned in the Holy Quran.   Due to his negligent nature, he completely disengaged himself from making decisions that affected the common people directly or indirectly.   This made the Muslims to be disloyal to the Sultan and thereby led to a lot of division. As a consequence the Ottoman dynasty came tumbling down marking the end of the great dynasty. (Paul, 1971)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   At the end of the sixteen century Ottoman was still a very strong dynasty and influential too.   However the Sultan style of leadership was slowly becoming unpopular thus losing ground.   In its place was the bureaucratic power method of ruling.   However this method of power was actually the pathway to the decline and collapse of the world’s most influential empire.  Ã‚   This was so because bureaucracy led to corruption neglecting the needs and interests of the people.   As a result, there was a lot of unpopularity of the government among the common people.   This led to division among the Muslims and eventually the dynasty collapsed. (Leslie, 2003)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Historians also believe that another major contribution to disunity among the Ottoman Muslims was inequality by successors of Sultan Suleiyman.   As discussed earlier during the reign of Sultan Suleiyman the Central government was accessible so that any person who had grievances would present them before the leaders.   However with the change of leaders, the new leaders ranked themselves so highly that they were not accessible.   The Muslims lost faith in their leaders; consequently there was disunity and eventual collapse of the dynasty. The leaders promoted people to power without using the right criteria.   There was gross unfairness and this brought about strife among the common people.   This in turn led to divisions among the Muslims as some felt that they were discriminated against in their own country.   At some point the leaders exuded high level of negligence as far as matters pertaining people were concerned.   The common people revolted and as a result there was disunity.   This led to internal attacks.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Another major issue that brought about division due to poor management of power by the leaders was the issue of succession upon the death of a Sultan.   As already discussed if the deceased Sultan was without an heir or that he had several sons there was stiff contest that always led to bloodshed.   Scholars strongly believe that this may have played a major role in division of the Umma and the eventual collapse of the kingdom.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   A notable distinction between the Ottoman Empire and other empires was that they were during the Ottoman Empire there was freedom especially for the non-Muslims to practice their own religion.   This brought division among the Muslims as some felt that other religions were equated to their religion and this they found to be very offensive.   As a result there were massacres and discrimination.  Ã‚   This led to a great division among the Muslims most of whom felt that though no religion should be equated with the Muslim religion Massacre was a sin as it contravened the Holy Quran.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   There was also an element of divide and rule that leaders in power used in attempt to gain popularity.   The leaders would therefore incite the people against their own.   The people fought each other over small disputes but this was the plan of the leaders in order to rule them more easily.   This was a great power mismanagement that saw the Muslims divide into big factions depending on whose side they actually belonged. (Shaw, 1977)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   There was great self-centeredness and selfishness among the leaders which again brought division.   This was especially so when it came to sharing of resources.   There was unfair sharing and distribution of resources that brought hatred and thus division among the Muslims.   The leaders only considered themselves and their families forgetting the rest of the people.   Some people felt sidelined and as a result there were factions and consequently these groupings led to division among the Umma Muslims.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Another challenge that the Ottoman Empire faced was classification of Muslims.   The Shia Muslims, the Umma and other classifications.   Every class felt that they dominated the rest.   This again brought about division because all classes of Muslims felt that they would want to be considered superior to the rest.   This eventually brought about division among the Muslims as no group agreed to be treated as lesser of the other.   The major division came about when some groups demanded that the rest of the groups must convert and become one of their own.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Division also arose when the dynasty made arrangements to fight other kingdoms.   The empire could not reach an agreement as to who would go to the war.   This again brought division because those not selected felt that they were not given an opportunity to fight for themselves thus there were differences on these grounds.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   There is also clear mismanagement of the empire by the leaders when they did not give ample protection to their own.   Most of the promises made by their leaders were never fulfilled or honored.   The leaders who took after Suleiman put their interests first and forgot the people.   The people were neglected and those who were treated well were just a small group.   This discrimination resulted to obvious indifferences thereby there was disunity among people who were once united.(Donald,2005) As discussed earlier, after the death of sultan Suleyman, so many things changed.   Corruption was very rampant especially when it came to provision of basic social amenities to the people.   Services that were normally offered free had to be paid for and as result there was agitation and revolt among the people leading to division.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   There was a gross alteration of rules, laws and policies that governed the people.   The leaders made alterations in their favor.   The common people were very disappointed and began to rebel.   The rebellions and revolts ended up in bringing divisions among the once united Umma Muslims community.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The other major cause of rift was education in that there are those who were provided with good quality education while the rest could only access the traditional education.   This in turn was reflected in terms of development so that those with high quality education were seen to develop more than the rest.   This led to social classification and thereby division.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   From the various issues discussed it is very clear that decline and eventual collapse of the Ottoman kingdom was caused by issues affecting them internally and not attacks and conquest by Europe and other world powers.   It is the mismanagement by their leaders that led to the division of the Umma Muslims and finally the most powerful and influential dynasty in the ancient times collapsed. Works Cited Quartaert Donald. The Ottoman Empire. London, Cambridge University Press, 2005 Peirce Leslie. Law and Gender in the Ottoman Court, New York. University of California Press, 2003 Shaw Stanford. History of the Ottoman Empire. London, Cambridge University Press, 1977 Wittek Paul. Rise of the Ottoman Empire, Turkey, B. Franklin, 1971

Virtual Reality Essay -- Technology Research Papers

Virtual Reality Imagine walking down a white sandy beach. The sand is warm between your toes and there is a light breeze that moves your hair. You look across the horizon at the bright warm sun, a little to bright you think as you squint. But the water before you is so clear, you can see small fish clear to the bottom. The water is cool and it feels refreshing as you let the waves crash gently at your feet. This place is beautiful and peaceful, but you realize your not alone. You look to your right and see a child and her mother splashing in the water. You can hear the child laughing and feel the rippling sensation in the water against your legs. The sun is getting a little warm as a small bead of sweat falls across your brow. You look onto the beach and see the white sand as it glistens from the sun. You look a little farther and see the towel and chair you left earlier. You marvel about what a beautiful day it is. Then, you sigh as you walk across the warm sand and it sticks to your wet feet, wate r is dripping off you, but you feel relaxed. You don't want to leave this beautiful place, but you realize your time is up. You feel a sharp tap on your shoulder and your helmet is slowly being removed from your head. Reality comes flooding back to you, gone is the white sandy beach and warm sun, but and in its place are the cold uninviting walls of the laboratory. The scientist smiles and asks how you enjoyed your experience. What has just happened is the technology of the future called virtual reality. This is concept that allows one to think they are experiencing something through the use of the major senses. Virtual reality creates an imaginary image that allows for a sense of deception. Virtual reality takes place in many ... ...of funds. With further research and advancements comes the opportunity to entertain, train, as well as help people. Wouldn't we all like to experience a little vacation without the hassle of packing, flying or driving, and unpacking when we return. Instead we could relax and experience it without leaving the privacy of our own homes. Works Cited Beier, K.P. Virtual Reality: A Short Introduction. University of Michigan. September 2001. www.~VRL.umich.edu Facit Visual Simulations. Sensory Product Line. 2001 Facit Ltd for Virtual Reality. www.facit.co.uk/medical.htm Mc.Masters, Kelly. Almost There. November 13, 2001. PC Magazine. www.pcmag.com Mitchell, Keith. Virtual Reality. December 16, 1996. www.ei.cs.vt.edu/~history/Mitchell.VR.html "Virtual Reality." Encararta Encyclopedia Article. Ed. Zelter, David 1993-2000. www.encarta.msn.com Williams

Themes in A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man by James Joyce :: A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man

     Ã‚   James Joyce's A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man is a novel of complex themes developed through frequent allusions to classical mythology.   The myth of Daedalus and Icarus serves as a structuring element in the novel, uniting the central themes of individual rebellion and discovery, producing a work of literature that illuminates the motivations of an artist, and the development of his individual philosophy.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   James Joyce chose the name Stephen Dedalus to link his hero with the mythical Greek hero, Daedalus.   In Greek myth, Daedalus was an architect, inventor, and artisan.   By request of King Minos, Daedalus built a labyrinth on Crete to contain a monster called the Minotaur, half bull and half man.   Later, for displeasing the king, Daedalus and his son Icarus were both confined in this labyrinth, which was so complex that even its creator could not find his way out.   Instead, Daedalus fashioned wings of wax and feathers so that he and his son could escape.   When Icarus flew too high -- too near the sun -- in spite of his father's warnings, his wings melted, and he fell into the sea and drowned.   His more cautious father flew to safety (World Book 3).   By using this myth in A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man (Portrait of the Artist), Joyce succeeds in giving definitive treatment to an archetype that was well established long before the twentieth century (Beebe 163).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The Daedalus myth gives a basic structure to Portrait of the Artist.   From the beginning, Stephen, like most young people, is caught in a maze, just as his namesake Daedalus was.   The schools are a maze of corridors; Dublin is a maze of streets.   Stephen's mind itself is a convoluted maze filled with dead ends and circular reasoning (Hackett 203): Met her today point blank in Grafton Street.   The crowd brought us together.   We both stopped.   She asked me why I never came, said she had heard all sorts of stories about me.   This was only to gain time.   Asked me, was I writing poems?   About whom?   I asked her.   This confused her more and I felt sorry and mean.   Turned off that valve at once and opened the spiritual-heroic refrigerating apparatus, invented and patented in all countries by Dante Alighieri. (Joyce 246)    Life poses riddles at every turn.   Stephen roams the labyrinth searching his mind for answers (Gorman 204).

What Makes a Piece Literature?

Some claims that every literature tries to make a specific point. A good writer they say always associates her opinion, ideas and thoughts in her or his masterpiece. Some produce literature purely for entertainment stressing that life is funny and humorous, some include many ironies highlighting that life is complicated and hard to understand, some literature especially those classics are for the purpose of political movement portraying the kind of values and morality the society has, some are for the purpose of religion and spirituality, some literature was made to emphasize creativity or unconventional way of creating a literature redefining the stereotypical characterization, themes, settings, conflicts and endings, and most importantly some literature are made for the purpose of persuasion. Literary works of writers especially from the past reflect their artistic interpretation of the world which is usually in the midst of inequalities, war and conflict. Literature basically speaks volumes about human ideas, emotions and nature that illustrate the kind of culture, religion and social orientation the writer has during the time he or she created it. There is no given absolute standard of what makes a piece a literature. Literature is basically the product of writer’s consciousness and experience. Literature can be always authentic or original. Most of the time, writer’s inputs in his writing is a mixture of acquired knowledge from the previous readings and his own (Elliot). In the earliest literature, the themes of something metaphysical are often explored especially in Greek and Roman literature during the time when most people were still in search of religion. One of the strongest and perhaps oldest emotions of mankind is fear, and the most intriguing fear is the fear of the unknown. The idea of fear inspires classic and contemporary writers to explore the things that cannot be seen or fully comprehended by human understanding, from the element of fear of the unknown to the exploration of something metaphysical that motivates detachment from life. As time passes by however, human interaction and attachment is increasing. There is a rapid development of ideas towards the standard of morality and ideal society. System and government arises and so inequality. Chaucer and Twain for example express their thoughts regarding inequalities of societal system through the stories and characters they created in their literature. Their works are considered timeless since the human problems they battled and experienced before are still being experience today. All literature is timeless in their own way since it explores human experience and human nature. Since everybody who can read literature is human, everybody can relate. There is no such thing as traditional literature when it comes to themes and symbolisms. What makes a literature traditional is that it was created long time ago.

Reflection Essay Topics #038; Ideas

Reflection Essay Topics #038; Ideas A piece of academic writing that is called a reflective essay implies a depiction and analysis of the author’s personal experience. When composing such writing, remember that you should concentrate more on your inward feelings instead of the occasion itself. The readers ought to imagine a picture of your identity and understand what circumstances have led to such a formation of your personality. The following topics do not need much research but are rather aimed at developing your introspection capabilities. In this manner, your ideas and opinions should form the largest part of the reflective essay. Keep in mind, however, that although this kind of writing gives you almost unlimited creative freedom, it must also be logical so that the readers are able to understand the sequence of actions, thoughts, and feelings that led to a particular conclusion. Topics: The Moment of Great Pain Pain performs a significant role in the development of any person. It may become a good mentor and catalysis of inner changes of your individuality. Try to recollect the moment when you experienced severe pain, and then tell a story about it. Describe what you felt and how it affected your later life. Consider if there was a lesson that you learned through this experience. First Experience of Racism or Inequality Think about a moment from your past when you understood that you experienced inequality. Even if it was not your personal experience, maybe some of your friends or family members encountered it, or you noticed it in the streets, at school, or even on television. Explain your opinion concerning injustice and describe your emotions when you see it. A Visit to a Museum A reflection essay about a visit to a museum is a common assignment among educational institutions. Your paper is supposed to show the knowledge you have gained after the tour and the feelings you have experienced during it. Ensure to incorporate as many details as possible so that your readers could experience this event by themselves. The Experience of Failure Try to recollect the first or the most heartbreaking experience of failure that ever happened in your life. Focus on your emotions when you understood that you failed. What conclusion have you made from that event? Was this experience helpful in your later life? Do not be afraid to be emotional since it is even essential for such a topic. Besides, try to make your story logical. The Role of Education in Your Life Being a student is a matter of choice. So first, you can explain why you decided to get a degree. Was it your personal decision? Did your parents or friends impose it? You either can write about how vital education is in your present or how essential it is going to be in the future life, or even both. Besides, consider not only practical but also emotional aspect of education: how do you feel while studying, and how challenging it is for you? Your Ideas about the Essence of Love Although millions of people did it millions of times, try to give your own definition of love. Provide examples from your life: think if you have ever experienced love and how it felt. If you never experienced it, then explain how you would know if you were in love. You can also write about your attitude towards the role of love in human life. The Role of Religion in Your Life The topic of religion is rather broad and is often controversial, but what you have to do is to focus on your attitude towards religion. Remember to put tolerance in the first place, since even if you are an atheist, it does not mean that religion doesnt play a particular role in your life. Describe how religion intertwines your life (though parents, school, or yourself) and how you feel about it. What Was the Biggest Challenge in Your Life? Life is challenging in all its manifestations, so it would not be that hard for you just to pick one of them. Write about it using descriptive language and tell the reader how you feel when you pass or fail that challenge. You have to make your readers understand how your personality changed after this event. Unfair Punishment from Your Parents Our understanding of justice forms in early childhood and develops in later life. The most common example of an unjust punishment is when there are two children of the same gender with a small age gap between them. The older child is often unjustly punished since he or she should be more mature than the sibling is and behave better. There are many other examples and moments that you might come up with, but remember that it is essential to focus on your inner self and your feelings. How has it changed your personality, affected your later life, and changed your definition of justice? Your Happiest Memory from the Childhood For most people all over the globe, childhood is the happiest time in their life since it is so naive and carefree. Think about your childhood and describe it from the perspective of the person you are at present. Tell whether it was happy and carefree, or maybe it was tough and challenging. Then, recollect the most joyful moment you have experienced being a child, and retell it. Provide some background that has led to this moment, explain why you felt happy back then, and describe your feelings from the perspective of the kid you were. Moving to a New Place Relocation always causes particular emotional feedback, be it a new country or city, or even an apartment or school. Tell a story from your life when you have to move to another place and express your attitude towards it as well as emotions caused by relocations. For instance, it often seems like the previous place was much better than the new one, but over time, a person gets used to changes. Getting Married It is not essential to be married in order to compose a reflective essay on this topic. You can write about your attitude towards marriage, your plans for future connected with it, or your expectations concerning the spouse and wedding. You may also ask your parents or friends who are married about their experience and convey it into your essay, accompanied by your own opinions. Your Most Memorable Dream or Nightmare By their very essence, dreams are the uncontrollable act of reflection. They show up our hidden desires, fears, or sometimes the voice of conscience. Many people have one or few dreams or nightmares that they remember for a long time. In this manner, try to recall one of them and describe, paying attention to details. Then, strive to analyze it and reflect on your life. Was there a reason why a certain dream occurred? First Dating Experience Describe your experience of the first date with the person you liked. Write about how it all started; whether it was you, who made the first step or was it your partner. Was the date successful or was it a failure? Tell about your expectations toward it and then compare them to reality. Keep in mind the most critical thing – focus more on your emotions and inner experience rather than on the event itself. Your First Job Experience This topic can be correlated to the previously discussed topic concerning your biggest challenge. Recall your first day at work and describe how you felt back then. People always tend to stress too much the first time they are given a responsible task. Share your experience of overcoming inner obstacles that appeared in your mind during that first time. The Role of Social Platforms in Your Life The modern world is based on and heavily dependent on technologies, and that is why it is essential to give due attention to the things we use, whether they are necessary for us at all. In this manner, describe the role of some social platforms like Facebook in your life. How do you use them and how important are they for you? Would you be able not to use them anymore? Ask yourself a bunch of questions, and it is likely that you will understand something new during writing. Your Favorite Book Pick one of the books you have read that made a lasting impression. Provide a short description of the reading: name author, title, date of publishing, and brief annotation of the work. Then, tell what is so special about this book for you mainly. Did it push you to some revelation and inner changes? Try to explain the impact of this book on your later life and behavior. Have You Ever Isolated Yourself from Society? Describe your solitary experience if such ever happened in your life. Maybe you went wandering in dense woods, high mountains, or even isolated yourself from the world in your room. Explain the reason for your decision and tell whether there was something that you understood from that period of complete solitude. Observations of Nature For this topic try to spend some time observing nature and writing down notes of your thoughts. For instance, when you watch how birds build their nest, thinking about how similar that is to a young couple decorating their apartment would be good. Alternatively, while observing how ants are almost aimlessly running around their anthill, you can link it to people from big cities who hurry up to their work. Try to give the things you observe some deeper meaning through reflection. Extreme Kinds of Sport Have you ever participated in an extreme kind of sport? Or, would you like to do it sometime in the future? Describe one or several sporting activities that you find dangerous. Try to explain why people tend to engage in extreme practices that might lead to fatality. Write about your attitude towards participating in an activity that carries a risk, and reflect on whether you would do it and why. Conclusion The topics mentioned above ought to help you understand the essence of reflective essay. In fact, you can change and paraphrase the topic titles according to your desires and preferences. Keep in mind that reflective essay is not only aimed to tell a story about yourself, but also to identify your personality and beliefs through reflection. In such type of writing, you are able to show that you are indeed a unique person.

It is widely advocated that anyone entering Essay Example

It is widely advocated that anyone entering Essay Example It is widely advocated that anyone entering Essay It is widely advocated that anyone entering Essay It is widely advocated that anyone come ining into either the field of reding or psychotherapeutics should hold taken stairss to face and cover with all yesteryear, personal troubles and arrange for adequate and ongoing supervising to guarantee their proficiency. Write at least 700 words on whether you agree or disagree with this statement, back uping your statement where appropriate. ___________________________________________________________________ Many observers have stressed that an openness of attitude and willingness for self-reflection are indispensable qualities for possible healers. It is argued that those draw a bead oning to work in the field of reding and psychotherapeutics should hold begun to turn to some of their yesteryear, personal troubles, instead than hold confronted all of them, and that this is basically an on-going procedure. This procedure seems peculiarly of import since practicians are doing usage of themselves, as people, as their chief tool in assisting others to work through their troubles. Receiving regular, on-going and good quality supervising seems besides to be indispensable, peculiarly from an ethical point of position, in order to supply an effectual curative service. It has long been recognised that the personal properties of rehearsing counselors and clinical psychologists have an of import bearing upon curative work with clients ( Rogers, 1961, McLeod, 1998 ) . Gibson and Mitchell ( 1999 ) , for illustration, have suggested that the personhood’ of the healer is the most of import component in reding. Barrett and co-workers point out that if counselors acknowledge their ain human fallibility and exposure, it is likely they will experience more heartily toward those who are besides less virtuous ( 2003, p.203 ) . It seems of import, hence, for clients to be cognizant that counselors are besides human’ and, like themselves, can see confusion, ambivalency, failure and defeat. However, there is besides much potency for injury if counselors and clinical psychologists lack the personal unity and competency which may take them to work the exposure of clients. Rogers ( 1961 ) developed a model of conditions, including unconditioned positive respect, empathy and congruity, which he saw as basic to the curative relationship. It has besides been noted that these curative values will be of small usage if practicians do non work vigorously and consistently on self-evaluation and the declaration of their ain problems ( Cross and Papodopoulos, 2001, p. 68 ) . Similarly, Gibson and Mitchell ( 1999 ) suggest that counsellors can non assist clients when they themselves are plagued by psychological or emotional distress ( p.72 ) . It seems that on come ining this field of work, a trainee healer must hold at least begun to organize a echt relationship with him/herself which means being honest and dignified. As Schapira explains, before get downing to work therapeutically with person, practitioners need to hold gone rather some manner along their ain personal journey of self-understanding to hold reached the topographic point where they are compassiona te and empathetic about their ain life tests, and have learned some of import things from them ( 2000, p.87 ) . It is of import, besides, to recognize that practicians, along with everyone else, will go on to larn, and confront yesteryear troubles, as each new life phase is reached and presents them with new challenges. Schapira ( 2000 ) points out that since healers need to be able to sympathize with a broad scope of people, they have to endeavor to work through many of their ain unsolved psychological issues in their therapies during preparation. She besides pointed out that unsolved issues can still emerge for the practician when working with a peculiar individual. She states that therapy is basically a journey of find and the single demands to hold the support of person who has been on, at least, a good portion of the journey herself ( Schapira, 2000, p.25 ) . Therapists, it seems, necessitate good, supportive and regular supervising from an experient supervisor as an built-in portion of their work. Schapira ( 2000 ) , for illustration, describes the relationship between supervisor and healer as one characterised by a signifier of audience with another individual who monitors the curative procedure, attends to the care of ethical criterions, boundaries, practician effectivity and on-going instruction on the practitioner ( Schapira, 2000, p.30 ) . Regular supervisory Sessionss, go oning throughout the practitioner’s working life with clients, proctor competency and facilitate geographic expedition and apprehension of issues originating from the procedure of therapy ( Schapira, 2000 ) . Personal issues may come up during supervising through, for illustration, a repeat of issues from the clinical work that the practician finds hard. As Schapira notes, the client’s feelings or troubles may vibrate with unsolved personal issues for the supervisee ( 2000, p.31 ) . The overseer’ , may assist to place them with the supervisee’ and flag up the demand to raise them in personal therapy or there may be a demand for strong feelings, evoked from work with a client, to be vented during the session. As summarised by Schapira, supervision is a working relationship with the end of doing sense and significance of client’s stuff and procedure, and the supervisee’s responses to it ( 2000, p.32 ) . In decision, so, it is argued that those come ining the field of reding or psychotherapeutics should hold begun to research their ain yesteryear troubles, sorrows and pleasances and be unfastened to further and continued self-evaluation throughout their working curative life. The agreement of regular, good quality and on-going supervising is an indispensable constituent of curative work, both during preparation and beyond. Clients conveying a broad scope of problems and concerns to the guidance room and enter into a collaborative relationship with the healer. As Schapira observes, the on-going undertaking of exploring and working through these hard emotional affects is the procedure that helps us sympathize with another who is seeking to make the same thing for themselves ( 2000, p.73 ) . ______________________________________________________________________________ Mentions Barrett, S, Komaromy, C, Robb, M, Rogers, A ( 2003 )Communication, Relationships and Care: A Reader,Routledge, London Cross, M, Papodopoulos, L, ( 2001 )Becoming a Counselor: A Manual for Personal and Professional Development,Brunner-Routledge, London Gibson, R.L. , Mitchell, M.H ( 1999 )Introduction to Counselling and Guidance,Prentice Hall, London McLeod, J ( 1998 )An Introduction to Counselling Psychology,Open University Press, Milton Keynes Rogers, C ( 1961 )On Becoming a Person,Houghton Mifflin Publications, Boston, Mass. Schapira, S ( 2000 )Choosing a Guidance or Psychotherapy Training: A Practical Guide,Routledge, London ______________________________________________________________________________ Entire words: 1008